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Leo I((アルメニア語:Լեիոն Ա)), also Levon I or Leon I, (unknown〔 – Constantinople, February 14, 1140〔) was the fifth lord of Armenian Cilicia〔 or “Lord of the Mountains”〔 (1129〔〔/1130〔-1137〔〔). He learned to exploit the open, yet restrained, hostilities between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader principalities of Edessa and Antioch.〔 Most of his successes benefited from Byzantium’s pre-occupation with the threats of Zengi (the ''atabeg'' of Mosul) from Aleppo and the lack of effective Frankish rule, especially in the Principality of Antioch.〔 He expanded his rule over the Cilician plains and even to the Mediterranean shores.〔 In his time, relations between the Armenians and the Franks (the Crusaders), two former allies, were not always as courteous as before: a major cause of dissension between them was the ownership of the strongholds of the southern Amanus, and on the neighboring coasts of the Gulf of Alexandretta.〔 Leo was defeated decisively by the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus who successfully laid siege to his fortresses.〔 Leo and two of his sons were taken captive and imprisoned in Constantinople where Leo died shortly after.〔 ==His early life== Leo was the younger son of Constantine I, lord of Armenian Cilicia.〔 It is likely that his mother was the great-granddaughter of Bardas Phokas.〔 When Constantine I died, Leo’s brother Thoros I succeeded him;〔 Leo may have ruled in the eastern part of “the Mountains” during the lifetime of his brother (although the basis of this proposition is not known).〔 Sometime between 1100 and 1103,〔 Count Baldwin II of Edessa gave his sister in marriage to Leo;〔 but the name and origin of his wife are not known with certainty.〔 It is also possible that his wife was Baldwin II’s sister-in-law, a daughter of the Armenian Gabriel of Melitene.〔 In 1111, Sultan Malik Shah of Iconium entered Armenian territories, and two of the commanders of Leo’s brother were killed in battle.〔 Saddened by this lost, Leo was so enraged that he launched a savage attack against the Turks and drove them into retreat.〔 In 1118, Leo assigned by his brother〔 brought a contingent to help Prince Roger of Antioch at the siege of Azaz (today ''A'zāz'' in Syria).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leo I, Prince of Armenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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